Family and Relationships
Kosakata Dasar Bahasa Inggris - Bagian 2 · 50 pelajaran
What does “Nuclear Family” mean?
A is correct: A nuclear family is specifically a married couple and their children living together as the basic social unit. This is the standard definition used in sociology.
B is wrong: This describes an *extended family* (keluarga besar), which includes grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins—many more people than a nuclear family. Nuclear families are smaller and more limited in scope.
What does “Bonding” mean?
A is correct: "Bonding" means forming close personal relationships. It describes when people connect emotionally and build trust with each other—like strengthening a friendship or creating attachment between parent and child.
B is wrong: This describes the opposite of bonding. Diskoneksi (disconnection) and creating distance means relationships are weakening, not forming. Bonding is always about *bringing people together*, not pushing them apart.
What does “Familial” mean?
Correct Answer (A): Berkaitan dengan atau merupakan ciri khas sebuah keluarga.
"Familial" comes from the word "family" and means something related to or characteristic of a family. For example, "familial traits" are features that run in families.
Why B is wrong:
Option B says the opposite—it claims familial means "not related to or not characteristic of a family," which is the inverse of the actual meaning. This would be like saying "friendly" means unfriendly, which is incorrect.
What does “Lineage” mean?
A is correct: Lineage means direct descent from a specific ancestor—like tracing your family tree back through one line. It's about genetic connection through generations.
B is wrong: It describes the opposite—people with *no* family connection. That contradicts what lineage actually means.
What does “Siblingship” mean?
Correct Answer (A): "Siblingship" literally means the state or relationship of being siblings—brothers and sisters who share the same parents. This is the direct definition of the word.
Why B is wrong: Option B says the opposite—it describes being "unrelated" or "not brothers/sisters," which is the complete opposite of what siblingship means. This would be more like describing strangers.
What does “Tribal” mean?
Correct (A): "Tribal" refers to a group of people sharing the same racial or ethnic background AND common customs/traditions. This captures the core meaning—tribes are communities united by shared heritage and cultural practices.
Why B is wrong: This describes diversity within a group (different races, different customs), which is the *opposite* of what "tribal" means. Tribes are characterized by *cohesion* and *shared* identity, not diversity.
What does “Fraternal” mean?
Correct Answer: A
"Fraternal" comes from the Latin word "frater" meaning "brother," so it describes things related to or involving brothers or brotherhood. This is why fraternal twins share the same DNA like regular siblings, and fraternal organizations (like fraternities) emphasize brotherhood.
Why B is wrong:
Option B says the opposite—that fraternal means "not related to or involving brothers." This directly contradicts the word's meaning and origin.
What does “Pedigree” mean?
Correct Answer (A): A pedigree is a record that *does* track ancestry and family lineage. It's commonly used in genetics, genealogy, and animal breeding to document family relationships and inherited traits across generations.
Why B is wrong: It says pedigree is a document *unrelated* to lineage or ancestry—the opposite of what pedigree actually means. This directly contradicts the definition.
What does “Co-Parenting” mean?
Why A is correct:
"Co-parenting" literally means "parenting together"—two parents (whether married, separated, or divorced) actively share childcare duties, decision-making, and financial responsibilities. Both parents remain involved in the child's upbringing.
Why B is wrong:
This describes the opposite of co-parenting. If parents don't share tasks and responsibilities, one parent is doing most/all the work alone, which is single parenting, not co-parenting.
What does “Surrogate” mean?
Correct Answer (A): Seseorang yang mengambil tempat orang lain.
A surrogate is someone who takes the place or role of another person. The word comes from Latin and means "substitute." This is why option A is correct—it directly defines what a surrogate does.
Why Option B is wrong:
Option B says the opposite—"someone who does NOT replace or substitute for someone else." This contradicts the actual meaning of surrogate, so it's incorrect.
What does “Distant Relative” mean?
Correct Answer (A): "Anggota keluarga Anda yang tidak erat hubungannya" (A family member you are not closely related to)
- "Distant" means far away or not close, so a distant relative is someone with a weak family connection—like a cousin's cousin or someone you rarely see.
Why B is wrong:
- "Erat hubungannya" means closely related, which is the opposite of "distant." That would describe a *close* relative like a parent or sibling, not a distant one.
What does “Extended Family” mean?
Correct Answer (A): "Extended family" means a family group that includes parents and children PLUS grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, and other relatives. The word "extended" means it goes beyond the basic unit—it's larger and includes more people.
Why B is wrong: Option B describes only parents and children, which is called a "nuclear family" or "immediate family," not an extended family. It's too small and missing the extra relatives that make a family "extended."
What does “Family Reunion” mean?
Correct Answer (A): A "family reunion" is a gathering of people who share the same bloodline or ancestry. The word "family" means relatives connected by blood or marriage, and "reunion" means coming together again.
Why B is wrong: Option B describes a meeting of people with *no* blood relationship—that would be a regular social gathering or group meeting, not a family reunion. Family reunions are specifically for relatives, not unrelated individuals.
What does “Familial Ties” mean?
Correct Answer (A): "Familial" comes from the Latin word "familia" meaning family, so "familial ties" literally means the bonds and relationships between members of the same family—like between parents and children, or siblings.
Why B is wrong: "Hubungan antara orang asing" means "relationships between strangers." Familial ties are the opposite—they're specifically about family connections, not strangers. Strangers have no family relationship.
What does “Heritage” mean?
Correct Answer (A):
Heritage means valuable things passed down from previous generations—like historic buildings, cultural traditions, and customs. The key idea is that these are *inherited* and connect us to our past.
Why B is wrong:
Option B describes things that are newly created or obtained, which is the opposite of heritage. Heritage specifically refers to what comes *from* earlier generations, not what's brand new.
What does “Roots” mean?
Correct Answer (A): "Roots" literally refers to the underground part of a plant, but metaphorically it means the fundamental causes, sources, or origins of something—like tracing something back to where it started. For example, "the roots of the problem" means the basic cause.
Why B is wrong: This describes the opposite of roots. "Latest events" or "final results" are what comes *after* or at the *end* of something, not the beginning or source. Roots are about origins, not outcomes.
What does “Brotherhood” mean?
Correct Answer (A): "Brotherhood" literally means a feeling of kinship and closeness—like the bond between brothers. It describes connection and unity with a group or all people.
Why B is wrong: This option describes the *opposite* of brotherhood. It talks about feeling disconnected and distant, which is the opposite of what brotherhood actually means.
What does “Sisterhood” mean?
Correct Answer (A): "Sisterhood" means solidarity and connection among women based on shared experiences or conditions. This captures the core meaning—women supporting each other through common challenges like gender discrimination, creating bonds of unity and mutual support.
Why B is wrong: It says the opposite—describing disconnection or absence of bonds between women. This contradicts what sisterhood actually means. Sisterhood is *about* connection, not the lack of it.
What does “Benevolence” mean?
Correct Answer (A): Kualitas menjadi baik hati dan murah hati.
Benevolence means the quality of being kind-hearted and generous—wanting to do good for others. This matches option A perfectly.
Why B is wrong:
Option B describes the opposite: being unkind and selfish. That's the *opposite* of benevolence, not what the word means.
What does “Togetherness” mean?
Option A is correct because "togetherness" describes the positive feeling of being united with others through friendship and mutual understanding—that's exactly what the word means.
Option B is wrong because it describes the *opposite* of togetherness. While it mentions separation and isolation (which contrasts with togetherness), it focuses on the negative feeling of being *apart*, not the positive feeling of being *together*.
What does “Warmth” mean?
Correct answer (A): Kualitas menjadi ramah dan penuh kasih sayang.
"Warmth" refers to the quality of being friendly and affectionate—it describes genuine kindness, care, and emotional openness toward others.
Why B is wrong:
Option B describes the opposite meaning. "Tidak ramah" (unfriendly) and "acuh tak acuh" (indifferent) are antonyms of warmth, not what the word means.
What does “Sibling Bond” mean?
Correct Answer (A): "Sibling bond" means a close relationship between brothers and sisters. The word "bond" refers to a strong emotional connection, so this captures the true meaning.
Why B is wrong: It says the relationship is "jauh" (distant/far), which contradicts what a bond is. A bond implies closeness and connection, not distance.
What does “Niece” mean?
Correct Answer: A
- Why A is right: "Niece" means a *daughter* of your sibling or sibling-in-law. "Putri" = daughter, which is the correct gender.
- Why B is wrong: This option says "Putra" (son), which would be a *nephew*, not a niece. Niece specifically refers to a female relative.
What does “Nephew” mean?
Correct Answer (A): Putra dari saudara kandung atau saudara ipar.
- "Nephew" means a male child of your sibling or sibling-in-law. "Putra" means son/male child, so this correctly defines nephew.
Why B is wrong:
- "Putri" means daughter/female child. A daughter of your sibling is a "niece," not a nephew. This describes the female equivalent, not a nephew.
What does “Familial Unity” mean?
Correct Answer (A):
"Familial Unity" means the state of being united or joined together as a family. "Familial" refers to family, and "unity" means togetherness or oneness—so this is about family members being connected and bonded.
Why B is wrong:
Option B describes separation or disconnection within a family, which is the opposite of unity. "Terpisah atau terputus" (separated or broken) contradicts the meaning of "unity."
What does “Fatherhood” mean?
Why A is correct:
"Fatherhood" literally means the state or condition of being a father, along with the qualities and characteristics associated with being a father. This directly translates to the Indonesian definition in option A.
Why B is wrong:
Option B defines the opposite—it describes NOT being a father or lacking fatherly qualities, which contradicts what "fatherhood" actually means. The word "bukan" (not) and "kurangnya" (lacking) make this definition incorrect.
What does “Motherhood” mean?
Correct Answer (A): "Motherhood" literally means the state or condition of being a mother, plus the truths and characteristics that define motherhood. This is the standard definition found in dictionaries.
Why B is wrong: Option B describes the opposite—it says "NOT being a mother" and "lack of mother characteristics," which is the antonym of motherhood, not its meaning.
What does “Bronotherhood” mean?
Why A is correct:
"Brotherhoood" (or "brohood") means the state or condition of *being* a bro—the informal bond and camaraderie between close male friends. Option A correctly captures this positive meaning.
Why B is wrong:
Option B uses the prefix "bukan" (not/non-), which reverses the meaning entirely. It describes the *absence* of being a bro, which contradicts what the word actually means.
What does “Sisterly Love” mean?
Why A is correct:
"Sisterly Love" means affection and care between sisters or like that of a sister. Option A translates this perfectly: "Affection between sisters or like a sister."
Why B is wrong:
Option B includes the word "kekurangan" (lack/shortage), which reverses the meaning entirely. It would mean "lack of affection between sisters," which is the opposite of what "sisterly love" expresses.
What does “Childhood” mean?
Correct Answer (A): This is right because "childhood" literally means the state or time of being a child—it refers to the early years of life from birth until you become an adult.
Why B is wrong: Option B describes "adulthood," not childhood. It's the opposite life stage. Adulthood is when you're grown up, not when you're young.
What does “Parenting” mean?
Correct Answer: A
Parenting means actively raising and educating a child from birth to adulthood—it involves care, guidance, and teaching to help children grow and develop.
Why the others are wrong:
- Option B is the opposite of parenting. Neglecting and not educating children is harmful and goes against what parenting actually means. Parenting requires involvement and responsibility, not abandonment.
What does “Immediate Family” mean?
Correct Answer (A): "Immediate family" means your closest relatives living in your household or direct bloodline—parents, siblings, and children. These are the people most directly related to you.
Why B is wrong: This describes "extended family," which includes more distant relatives like cousins, aunts, and uncles. Extended family is broader and less immediate than immediate family.
What does “Antecedent” mean?
Correct Answer (A):
"Antecedent" comes from Latin meaning "going before." It refers to something that comes *before* or logically *precedes* something else—like a cause before an effect, or a reason before a conclusion.
Why B is wrong:
Option B describes something that comes *after* or *follows* something else. This is actually the opposite of antecedent—it would be a "consequent." The word "ante-" means "before," not "after."
What does “Offspring” mean?
A is correct: "Offspring" means a child or children produced by a parent—the next generation in a family line.
B is wrong: This describes parents or guardians, which is the opposite relationship. "Offspring" refers to those *produced by* parents, not the parents themselves.
What does “Second Cousin” mean?
A is correct: A second cousin is the child of your parent's cousin (your parent's first cousin). They share a great-grandparent with you, making them one generation removed from a first cousin relationship.
B is wrong: The child of your sibling is your niece or nephew, not a second cousin. This describes a direct descendant in your immediate family line, not a cousin relationship.
What does “Great Grandparent” mean?
Correct Answer (A): Orang tua dari kakek atau nenek seseorang.
- A great-grandparent is the parent of your grandparent, going back one more generation in your family tree.
- This is the standard definition used in family relationships.
Why B is wrong:
- "Anak dari orang tua seseorang" means "child of someone's parent" — that's just yourself or your sibling, not a great-grandparent.
- This describes a much closer relationship (one generation), not the distant ancestor relationship of a great-grandparent (four generations).
What does “Foster Child” mean?
Correct Answer (A): A foster child is raised by someone who is *not* their biological or legal adoptive parent—typically by a foster family through a temporary care arrangement. This is the precise definition.
Why B is wrong: This describes a child raised by their biological parents or adoptive parents (their legal guardians). That's a regular child, not a foster child. Foster care is specifically *temporary* care by non-legal guardians, which is different from adoption or biological parenthood.
What does “Step Child” mean?
Why A is correct:
A stepchild is a child whose parent married or partnered with someone else—so that new partner becomes the stepparent, not a biological parent. This is the actual definition of "stepchild."
Why B is wrong:
B describes a biological child (where both parents are the biological parents). This is the opposite of a stepchild—a stepchild specifically means at least one parent is NOT biological.
What does “Foster Parent” mean?
Correct Answer (A): A foster parent temporarily cares for a child who is *not* their biological or legally adopted child. The child remains in the foster parent's home, usually through a government or social agency arrangement, while maintaining legal ties to their biological family or awaiting adoption.
Why B is wrong: This describes a regular parent (biological or adoptive), not a foster parent. Foster care is specifically *temporary* care for children who aren't permanently theirs through birth or adoption.
What does “Half- Siblings” mean?
# Half-Siblings Explanation
Correct Answer (A): Half-siblings share only *one* parent with each other. For example, if your mom remarries and has a child with her new husband, that child is your half-sibling because you share only your mom, not your dad.
Why B is wrong: This describes *full siblings* (or regular siblings), who share *both* parents. That's the opposite of half-siblings.
What does “Step- Siblings” mean?
Correct Answer (A): Adik tiri atau kakak tiri seseorang
- "Step-siblings" refers to siblings by marriage, not blood—when a parent remarries and brings children from a previous relationship into the family.
Why B is wrong:
- "Adik kandung atau kakak kandung" means biological siblings (full brothers/sisters from the same parents), not step-siblings.
- Step-siblings have no blood relation; they're related only through a parent's remarriage.
What does “Familial Bond” mean?
Why A is correct:
"Familial bond" refers to the emotional connection and love shared between family members. It's the ties that hold families together—affection, loyalty, and closeness.
Why B is wrong:
This describes the opposite of a familial bond. Separation and indifference would break bonds, not create them. A familial bond is about closeness, not distance.
What does “Relational Dynamics” mean?
A is correct because relational dynamics refers to how relationships and interactions between people change and evolve over time—it's about the moving patterns, not static situations.
B is wrong because isolation and seclusion are the opposite of dynamics. "Relational" means about relationships and connections, so removing interaction contradicts the concept entirely.
What does “Sisterly Affection” mean?
Correct Answer: A
"Sisterly Affection" means a loving bond between sisters. "Affection" = love/warmth, and "sisterly" = between sisters, so the phrase describes a caring, loving relationship.
Why B is wrong:
Option B says "a bond full of hostility/enmity between sisters," which is the opposite meaning. "Permusuhan" (hostility) contradicts "affection" (love).
What does “Brotherly Support” mean?
Correct Answer (A): "Brotherly support" means help and encouragement given by a brother (or in a brotherly way). The word "support" means to help and motivate someone, which matches "assistance and encouragement."
Why B is wrong: Option B says "obstacles and discouragement"—this is the opposite of support. Support lifts someone up; obstacles and discouragement tear them down.
What does “Parental Guidance” mean?
Correct Answer (A): "Parental Guidance" means advice or supervision given by parents. This is the standard meaning—parents guide their children by offering direction, rules, and oversight.
Why B is wrong: "Pengabaian" means neglect or abandonment, which is the *opposite* of parental guidance. Guidance involves active involvement, not ignoring or neglecting children.
What does “Unified Household” mean?
Correct Answer (A): "Unified Household" means a family living together in peace and unity. The word "unified" = united/together, and this describes a harmonious family structure where members share common goals and get along.
Why B is wrong: Option B describes a family in conflict and division, which is the *opposite* of "unified." A divided or conflicting household is fragmented, not unified.
What does “Ancestral Roots” mean?
Correct Answer (A): "Ancestral roots" literally means where your family and ethnic heritage come from—your origins and background. "Ancestral" refers to ancestors (your family history), and "roots" is a metaphor for where something comes from or originates.
Why B is wrong: Option B says the background is *unrelated or different* from family/ethnic heritage, which is the opposite of what "ancestral roots" means. Ancestral roots are specifically *about* your family and ethnic connections, not separate from them.
What does “Familial Harmony” mean?
A is correct because "familial" means family-related, and "harmony" means peaceful agreement and cooperation. Together, it describes a calm, cooperative family environment.
B is wrong because it describes the opposite—chaos and opposition are the opposite of harmony, which is about peace and working together.
What does “Sibling Rivalry” mean?
Correct Answer (A): Kompetisi, cemburu, atau konflik antara saudara kandung
"Sibling rivalry" refers to the competitive, jealous, or conflictual dynamics that often occur between brothers and sisters—this is the actual definition of the term.
Why B is wrong:
Option B describes the *opposite* of sibling rivalry. Kepuasan (satisfaction), acuh tak acuh (indifference), and harmoni (harmony) describe a peaceful relationship between siblings, not rivalry.
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