Health and Medical
Kosakata Dasar Bahasa Inggris - Bagian 1 · 50 pelajaran
What does “Anatomy” mean?
Correct Answer: A
Anatomy literally means "cutting up" (from Greek *ana-* = up, *tome* = cutting) and refers to the scientific study of body structures and organs. This is the standard definition used in medicine and biology.
Why B is wrong:
Option B claims anatomy means "ignorance about body structures," which is the opposite of what it actually means. Anatomy is knowledge-based, not about lack of knowledge.
What does “First Aid” mean?
# Why Option A is Correct
Option A is correct because it accurately defines first aid: immediate emergency care given to an injured or sick person before professional medical help arrives. This is the actual purpose of first aid—to stabilize and help someone until they can reach a doctor or hospital.
Why Option B is wrong: It describes intentionally causing harm or additional injury, which is the complete opposite of first aid. First aid is meant to *help* people, not hurt them.
What does “Vaccination” mean?
A is correct: Vaccination means injecting a vaccine to trigger immunity against disease. The vaccine contains weakened or inactive pathogens that train your immune system to recognize and fight the real disease without causing serious illness.
B is wrong: Deliberately exposing someone to disease is NOT vaccination—that's dangerous and could cause the actual illness. Vaccination protects *without* that risk by using safe vaccine material instead.
What does “Hydration” mean?
Correct Answer (A): Proses menyebabkan sesuatu menyerap air
- "Hydration" comes from the word "hydro" (water), so it literally means the process of *adding* or *absorbing* water into something.
- This is why we "hydrate" by drinking water—we're adding water to our bodies.
Why B is wrong:
- Option B describes *dehydration* (kehilangan air—losing water), which is the opposite of hydration.
- These are two completely different processes.
What does “Nutrition” mean?
A is correct because nutrition is about *providing and absorbing* nutrients your body needs to stay healthy and grow—it's an active, positive process.
B is wrong because it says nutrition means *restricting* food, which is the opposite of what nutrition does. Nutrition is about getting enough nutrients, not limiting them.
What does “Exercise” mean?
Correct answer (A): Exercise means physical activity done to become stronger and healthier. This is the standard definition—exercise is intentional movement to improve fitness and health.
Why B is wrong: This describes the *opposite* of exercise. Inactivity (not moving) makes you weaker and unhealthy, not stronger. The word "inaktivitas" (inactivity) contradicts what exercise actually is.
What does “Physiotherapy” mean?
Option A is correct because physiotherapy literally means treating ("pengobatan") disease, injury, or deformity using physical methods like massage, heat therapy, and exercise—this is the actual medical definition and purpose of the field.
Option B is wrong because it describes making conditions *worse* ("pemperparah"), which is the opposite of what physiotherapy does. Physiotherapy aims to heal and improve function, not harm patients or use improper techniques.
What does “Immunization” mean?
Correct Answer (A): Immunization means the process of making someone or an animal protected against disease—typically through vaccines that train the immune system to recognize and fight specific illnesses.
Why B is wrong: Option B describes *exposure* to disease, which is the opposite of immunization. Immunization *prevents* getting sick, rather than causing exposure to illness.
What does “Diagnosis” mean?
A is correct because diagnosis means the process of identifying what disease, illness, or problem someone has by examining them—this is the standard medical definition.
B is wrong because it includes the word "salah" (wrong/incorrect), which changes the meaning to "misdiagnosis." Diagnosis itself is the correct identification process, not an incorrect one.
What does “Prescription” mean?
# Explanation
Why A is correct:
A prescription is an official document from a doctor that tells a pharmacy what medicine a patient needs, including the type, dosage, and instructions. This is the standard medical meaning of the word.
Why B is wrong:
While a doctor might advise a patient to avoid certain harmful substances, this isn't called a "prescription." A prescription specifically *authorizes* medication to be given, not something to avoid. The word "prescription" in medicine always relates to recommended/required medicines, not prohibited ones.
What does “Rehabilitation” mean?
Correct Answer (A): This is the true definition of rehabilitation. It means helping someone recover and return to a normal, productive life after illness or imprisonment—focusing on healing and reintegration.
Why B is wrong: Option B describes the opposite of rehabilitation. It talks about pushing someone toward an *unhealthy* and *inactive* life, which is the exact opposite of what rehabilitation does. Rehabilitation aims to restore people, not harm them.
What does “Anatomy” mean?
Correct Answer (A): Studi tentang struktur makhluk hidup
- "Anatomy" comes from Greek words meaning "to cut apart." It's the science of studying how living things are *structured*—their bones, organs, muscles, and how body parts are organized.
Why B is wrong:
- "Non-struktur" (non-structure) doesn't make sense for anatomy. Anatomy is specifically about *physical structure*, not the absence of it. That would describe something else entirely, like functions or processes (which is physiology).
What does “Allergy” mean?
Correct Answer (A):
An allergy is when your immune system overreacts to a harmless substance (like pollen or peanuts) and treats it as dangerous, causing harmful symptoms like itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing. Your body's defense system actually damages itself in this process.
Why B is wrong:
Option B describes a *beneficial* immune response, which is the opposite of an allergy. A helpful immune response protects you without causing damage—like when your body fights off a real infection. Allergies are always harmful to the person experiencing them, not beneficial.
What does “Doctor” mean?
# Explanation
Correct (A): Praktisi kedokteran yang berkualifikasi (A qualified medical practitioner)
- A doctor must have formal education, training, and credentials to practice medicine legally and safely.
Wrong (B): Praktisi kedokteran yang tidak berkualifikasi (An unqualified medical practitioner)
- This describes someone without proper training or credentials—the opposite of what a doctor is. Someone unqualified cannot legally or ethically call themselves a doctor.
What does “Patient” mean?
Correct Answer (A):
A patient is someone receiving or registered to receive medical treatment. This is the standard definition—anyone under a doctor's care or scheduled for healthcare is a patient.
Why B is wrong:
Option B contradicts the definition by saying a patient is someone who is NOT receiving treatment. This is backwards—someone not receiving medical care wouldn't be a patient at all.
What does “Hospital” mean?
Correct Answer (A): A hospital is a place where doctors and nurses provide medical care and surgery to sick or injured people. This is the actual definition of a hospital.
Why B is wrong: Option B says a hospital does NOT provide medical and surgical treatment, which is the opposite of what a hospital actually does. This contradicts the real purpose of hospitals.
What does “Medication” mean?
Correct Answer: A
A medication is a substance used to treat, prevent, or manage medical conditions and diseases. This is the standard definition across medicine and healthcare.
Why B is wrong:
Option B contradicts the definition—it says medication is a substance *not* used for medical treatment, which is the opposite of what medication actually is.
What does “Symptom” mean?
Correct Answer (A): A symptom is a physical or mental sign that *indicates* or *shows* the presence of an illness or disease. For example, a fever, cough, or feeling sad are symptoms because they point to something being wrong with your health.
Why B is wrong: Option B says symptoms are features that do *not* show a disease condition. This is backwards—that would be a non-symptom or a normal body function. Symptoms specifically *reveal* that something is wrong, so they must indicate a disease, not the absence of one.
What does “Illness” mean?
Correct answer (A): "Illness" means a disease or period of sickness affecting the body or mind. This is the accurate English definition—when someone is ill, they are unwell or sick.
Why B is wrong: Option B describes the *opposite* of illness. It talks about health or periods of good health, which is the absence of illness, not illness itself.
What does “Pathology” mean?
Correct Answer: A
• Pathology literally means "the study of disease" (from Greek *pathos* = disease, *logos* = study).
• It focuses on understanding what causes diseases and how they affect the body—exactly what option A says.
Why B is wrong:
• Option B says "the study of causes and effects of health," but pathology doesn't study health itself—it studies disease and illness.
• Health is the opposite of disease, so this describes a different field entirely.
What does “Therapy” mean?
Correct Answer (A): Therapy means treatment aimed at relieving or curing a disorder. This is the actual definition—therapy is a healing practice designed to help people feel better and recover from physical or mental health problems.
Why B is wrong: Option B says therapy causes or worsens a disorder, which is the opposite of what therapy does. Therapy helps people, not hurts them.
What does “Pediatrics” mean?
Correct answer (A): "Pediatrics" comes from Greek words meaning "child" (paed-) and "healer" (iatrician). It's the medical specialty focused on treating children from birth through adolescence.
Why B is wrong: That option describes geriatrics (medicine for elderly people) or general adult medicine, not pediatrics. The prefix "paed-" specifically refers to children, not parents or adults.
What does “Endocrinology” mean?
Correct Answer (A):
"Endocrinology" comes from "endo" (inside) + "crine" (secrete), so it literally means the study of internal secretion systems. This refers to glands that produce hormones (like the thyroid, pancreas, and pituitary), making A correct.
Why B is wrong:
Option B describes the skeletal system (bones and joints), which is the field of osteology or orthopedics, not endocrinology. The endocrine system and skeletal system are completely different body systems.
What does “Detoxify” mean?
Correct Answer: A
"Detoxify" means to remove toxic substances or qualities from something. The prefix "de-" means to remove or reverse, so "detoxify" = remove toxins (like when your body detoxifies after illness or when you detox from harmful substances).
Why B is wrong: Option B says to "add" toxic substances, which is the opposite of what detoxify means. That would be "toxify" instead.
What does “Homeostasis” mean?
Correct Answer (A): Homeostasis means the body's tendency to seek and maintain a balanced state. Your body constantly works to keep things like temperature, pH, and water levels stable—this is homeostasis in action.
Why B is wrong: It says the body maintains "imbalance or chaos," which is the opposite of what homeostasis actually does. An imbalanced body would be sick or dying, not functioning normally.
What does “Oncology” mean?
A is correct: "Oncology" comes from the Greek word "onco-" meaning tumor, so it's the medical field focused on studying and treating tumors (including cancer).
B is wrong: That describes orthopedics or traumatology, which deals with bones and fractures, not tumors. The Greek root for bone is "osteo-" or "ortho-," not "onco-."
What does “Radiology” mean?
Correct Answer (A): Radiology literally means the study of radiation. It focuses on X-rays and other high-energy radiation used to create images inside the body for diagnosis and treatment.
Why B is wrong: Option B describes visible light and natural light, which is related to optics or photometry, not radiology. Radiology specifically deals with invisible, high-energy radiation that can penetrate the body—not visible light.
What does “Treatment” mean?
Correct Answer (A): This is right because "treatment" means the medical care given to patients—the actions doctors take to help them get better. "Perawatan" (care/treatment) is the correct word.
Why B is wrong: It uses "kerusakan" (damage/destruction), which is the opposite of what treatment does. Treatment helps patients, not damages them—so this definition is backwards.
What does “Geriatrics” mean?
Correct Answer (A): "Geriatrics" comes from Greek roots meaning "old age" (*geras*) and "medicine" (*iatrikos*). It's the medical specialty focused on treating elderly patients and age-related diseases.
Why B is wrong: That describes "Pediatrics," which deals with children, not elderly people. The prefix "paed-" refers to children, while "ger-" refers to older adults.
What does “Hypertension” mean?
Correct Answer (A): Tekanan darah yang abnormal tinggi.
- "Hyper-" means high/excessive, and "-tension" refers to pressure, so hypertension literally means abnormally high blood pressure.
- This is a common medical condition where blood vessels experience excessive pressure, increasing risk of heart disease and stroke.
Why B is wrong:
- Abnormally *low* blood pressure is called "hypotension" (hypo- = low), not hypertension.
- The prefix matters: "hyper" and "hypo" mean opposite things.
What does “Obesity” mean?
Correct Answer (A): Kondisi menjadi sangat gemuk atau kelebihan berat badan.
- This is the accurate definition of obesity—it describes a medical condition where someone has excessive body fat that negatively affects health.
Why B is wrong:
- Option B describes the opposite condition: being very thin or underweight. This is closer to malnutrition or being underweight, not obesity.
What does “Gastroenterology” mean?
Correct Answer (A): "Gastro" means stomach and "entero" means intestines, so gastroenterology is the medical specialty that diagnoses and treats disorders of the stomach and digestive system. This matches the definition exactly.
Why B is wrong: Option B describes cardiology (heart and blood vessels), not gastroenterology. While it's a valid medical specialty, it has nothing to do with the stomach or intestines.
What does “Cardiology” mean?
Correct Answer: A
- Cardiology comes from "cardio-" (heart) + "-logy" (study of), so it literally means the study of the heart and its diseases.
- Option B is wrong because it describes dermatology (skin diseases), not cardiology. The prefix "derm-" refers to skin, not the heart.
What does “Epidemiology” mean?
Correct Answer (A): This is the accurate definition of epidemiology. It's the study of how diseases occur (incidence), spread across populations (distribution), and how to prevent or manage them (control). This matches the actual meaning of the term.
Why B is wrong: This describes orthopedics, not epidemiology. Orthopedics focuses on bones and skeletal disorders, which is completely different from studying disease patterns in populations.
What does “Psychiatry” mean?
Why A is correct:
Psychiatry literally means the medical treatment ("iatr-") of the mind ("psych-"). It focuses on mental health conditions, emotional disorders, and behavioral problems—exactly what Option A describes.
Why B is wrong:
Option B describes hematology (the study of blood and blood disorders), not psychiatry. This is a completely different medical field with no connection to mental health.
What does “Dermatology” mean?
Correct Answer (A): "Derma" means skin, and "-ology" means the study of. Dermatology is the medical field focused on skin, nails, hair, and their diseases—this is the exact definition.
Why B is wrong: That describes ophthalmology (eye medicine), not dermatology. Ophthalmology deals with eyes and vision disorders, which is completely different from skin conditions.
What does “Ophthalmology” mean?
# Explanation
Correct answer (A): "Ophthalmology" comes from Greek words meaning "eye" (ophthalmo-) and "study" (-logy). This option correctly identifies it as the medical specialty focused on eye disorders and treatment.
Why B is wrong: Option B describes neurology (the study of nervous system diseases), not ophthalmology. While the eye connects to the nervous system, ophthalmology is specifically about the eye itself, not the broader nervous system.
What does “Orthopedics” mean?
Correct Answer (A): Orthopedics literally means "straight bones" (ortho = straight, pedics = feet/children). It's the medical specialty that diagnoses and treats disorders of the bones, joints, muscles, and ligaments—exactly what option A describes.
Why B is wrong: That definition describes Urology, not orthopedics. Urology focuses on the urinary system (kidneys, bladder, prostate), which is completely different from bone and muscle care.
What does “Hematology” mean?
A is correct because "hematology" comes from Greek roots: "haema" (blood) + "logy" (study of). It's the medical field focused on blood, blood-forming organs, and blood diseases—exactly what option A describes.
B is wrong because that describes gastroenterology (the study of digestive system disorders), not hematology. Hematology has nothing to do with digestion.
What does “Neurology” mean?
Correct Answer (A): This is the accurate definition. "Neuro-" refers to the nervous system, and "-logy" means study of. So neurology is the medical field that studies and treats disorders affecting the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
Why B is wrong: Option B describes dermatology (the study of skin diseases), not neurology. While both are medical specialties, they focus on completely different body systems—skin versus the nervous system.
What does “Urology” mean?
Why A is correct:
"Urology" comes from Greek words meaning "urine" and "study." It's the medical specialty that treats urinary tract diseases in both men and women, plus male reproductive organs—exactly what option A describes.
Why B is wrong:
Option B describes neurology (the study of nerves and the brain), not urology. The prefix "neuro-" relates to the nervous system, not the urinary system.
What does “Anesthesia” mean?
A is correct because anesthesia literally means "without sensation" — it's the temporary loss of feeling and consciousness intentionally caused by medication during medical procedures.
B is wrong because it describes the opposite effect. Anesthesia *decreases* sensation and consciousness, not increases it. If sensation were increased, you'd feel more pain, not less.
What does “Biopsy” mean?
# Biopsy Explanation
Correct answer (A): This is right because a biopsy is exactly this—doctors remove a small sample of tissue from a living body and examine it under a microscope to diagnose diseases, find out what's causing them, or determine how far they've spread. It's a diagnostic tool.
Wrong answer (B): This describes the opposite of a biopsy. It talks about *inserting* tissue into a body, which sounds more like a transplant or graft procedure, not the removal and examination that defines a biopsy.
What does “Enzyme” mean?
Correct Answer (A): This is the accurate definition of an enzyme. Enzymes are biological catalysts made by living organisms that speed up chemical reactions in cells without being consumed themselves.
Why B is wrong: Option B describes an inhibitor, not an enzyme. Inhibitors *slow down* or *block* reactions, which is the opposite of what enzymes do. Enzymes *accelerate* reactions, making them happen faster.
What does “Fracture” mean?
Why A is correct:
"Fracture" means a crack or break in hard material or objects—exactly what option A describes. This is the standard definition used in science, medicine, and everyday language.
Why B is wrong:
Option B describes repair or fixing, which is the opposite of a fracture. A fracture is damage that *needs* fixing, not the fixing itself.
What does “Glucose” mean?
# Explanation
A is correct because glucose is literally a simple sugar (monosaccharide) that cells use as their main fuel source, and it's found in larger carbohydrates like starch and sucrose.
B is wrong because it gets the facts backwards—glucose *enables* energy production (through cellular respiration), it doesn't block it. Also, glucose is a simple sugar, not a complex compound.
What does “Hormone” mean?
# Explanation
Option A is correct because it accurately defines a hormone: a regulatory substance made in the body, transported through fluids like blood, that stimulates specific cells or tissues to act. This covers all key features—production, transport, and function.
Option B is wrong because it describes inhibition (blocking action), whereas hormones typically *stimulate* or *regulate* responses, not just prevent them. This is the opposite of what most hormones do.
What does “Influenza” mean?
Why A is correct:
Influenza (flu) is actually a viral infection that attacks your respiratory system—your nose, throat, and lungs. This causes symptoms like cough, fever, and body aches.
Why B is wrong:
This describes beneficial bacteria, not influenza. While some bacteria *can* be helpful to our bodies, the flu is caused by a *virus*, not bacteria, and it definitely harms rather than helps your respiratory system.
What does “Jaundice” mean?
Correct Answer (A): Jaundice is a medical condition where the skin and whites of the eyes turn yellow due to high levels of bilirubin (a yellow pigment) in the blood. This happens when the liver can't process bilirubin properly.
Why B is wrong: Blue discoloration of skin or eyes is not jaundice—that would be a different condition. Jaundice is specifically characterized by a yellow color, not blue.
What does “Ketone” mean?
A is correct because a ketone is defined by having a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two other carbon atoms, which distinguishes it from other organic compounds.
B is wrong because it describes an organic compound *without* a carbonyl group—the opposite of what a ketone is. Ketones must have a carbonyl group to be ketones.
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