Gerund And Infinitive

• A. to buy ✓ Correct. "Can't afford" requires the infinitive form (to + verb). The phrase is "afford to do something."

• B. buying ✗ Wrong. This uses a gerund (the -ing form), but "afford" doesn't take a gerund here.

• C. buy ✗ Wrong. This is the bare verb without "to"—you need the infinitive form after "afford."

• D. to buying ✗ Wrong. This mixes the infinitive "to" with the gerund "buying," which doesn't exist in English.

A. reading ✓

After "enjoys," you need a gerund (verb + -ing). Gerunds act like nouns and follow certain verbs like "enjoy," "like," "love," and "hate."

Why the others are wrong:
- B. to read — This is an infinitive; "enjoys" doesn't take infinitives
- C. reads — This is a present tense verb; you can't use a conjugated verb after "enjoys"
- D. read — Base form verbs don't work here either

A. to quit ✓

After "decided," you need the infinitive form (to + verb). "Decided to quit" is the correct structure in English.

Why the others are wrong:
- B. quitting – This is a gerund (verb + -ing), not an infinitive. You don't say "decided quitting."
- C. quit – Missing the "to," which is required after "decided."
- D. to quitting – This mixes the infinitive marker "to" with a gerund form, which doesn't exist in English.

Correct answer: A (to lock)

After the verb "forget," you must use the infinitive form "to lock." This is the grammatical rule for this particular verb—forget + to + base verb.

Why the others are wrong:

• B (locking): Using the gerund (-ing form) changes the meaning. "Forget locking" would mean you don't remember an action that already happened, but here you're talking about something you didn't do.
• C (lock): The base verb alone doesn't work grammatically after "forgot."
• D (to locking): This mixes the infinitive marker with the gerund—it's not a valid form in English.

A. to stay ✓

After the verb "tries," you need the infinitive form (to + verb). "Tries to stay" means she makes an effort to remain healthy.

Why the others are wrong:
- B. staying – This is a gerund (verb+ing), which doesn't work with "tries" in this way
- C. stay – Missing the "to"; bare verbs don't follow "tries"
- D. to staying – You can't combine both forms; it's grammatically incorrect

Why A is correct:
After "hope," you need the infinitive form "to win." The verb "hope" is followed by an infinitive (to + base verb).

Why the others are wrong:
- B (winning): A gerund (verb + -ing) doesn't work here; "hope" doesn't take gerunds.
- C (win): Missing the "to"—you can't use the bare base verb after "hope."
- D (to winning): This mixes infinitive and gerund forms, which is incorrect grammar.

A. to come ✓

• After the verb "promises," we need an infinitive (to + base verb) to show the action he's committing to do.
• B (coming) is wrong because gerunds (-ing forms) don't follow "promises."
• C (come) is wrong because it's missing the "to"—we need the full infinitive structure.
• D (to coming) is wrong because you can't combine "to" with a gerund; it's either "to come" OR "coming," not both.

A. to speak ✓

After "want," you use the infinitive form (to + verb). "I want to speak a new language" is correct.

Why the others are wrong:
- B. speaking – This is a gerund/present participle. "Want" doesn't take this form.
- C. speak – Missing "to." The infinitive requires "to" after "want."
- D. to speaking – This mixes the infinitive marker "to" with the gerund form "speaking," which doesn't exist in English.

Why A is correct:
After the verb "needs," you must use the infinitive form (to + base verb). "She needs to finish" is the standard English structure.

Why the others are wrong:
- B (finishing): The gerund form (-ing) doesn't work here; "needs" requires an infinitive, not a gerund
- C (finish): Missing the "to"—the infinitive must include "to"
- D (to finishing): This incorrectly combines the infinitive marker "to" with the gerund form; you can't use both together

Correct answer: A (to bring)

After "forgot," you need the infinitive form "to bring." The verb "forget" is followed by a to-infinitive when you mean you didn't remember to do something before it was too late.

Why the others are wrong:
- B (bringing): "Forget + -ing" means you can't remember something that already happened (e.g., "I forgot bringing my keys" = you did bring them, but forgot that you did). That doesn't fit this sentence.
- C (bring): Missing the "to"—you can't use a bare verb after "forgot."
- D (to bringing): This is a made-up form; you can't combine "to" with an -ing verb this way.

A. to take ✓ Correct
After "plan," we use the infinitive form (to + verb). "Plan to do something" is the standard structure in English.

B. taking ✗ Wrong
This is a gerund (verb + -ing). While some verbs take gerunds, "plan" specifically requires an infinitive, not a gerund.

C. take ✗ Wrong
Using the bare verb without "to" is incorrect. We need the infinitive form "to take," not just "take."

D. to taking ✗ Wrong
This mixes the infinitive (to) with a gerund (taking). You can't combine both forms—pick one or the other.

A. to accept ✓

After the verb "refuse," you must use the infinitive form (to + verb). "Refuse to do something" is the correct pattern in English.

Why the others are wrong:
- B. accepting — This is a gerund (verb as noun), but "refuse" doesn't take a gerund object
- C. accept — Missing the "to"; the bare verb form doesn't work here
- D. to accepting — This mixes the infinitive marker "to" with the gerund form "-ing"; you can't combine them this way

A. to become ✓

After the verb "wants," you need the infinitive form (to + base verb). "Wants to become" is the correct structure.

Why the others are wrong:
- B. becoming — This is a gerund (verb + -ing), which doesn't follow "wants"
- C. become — Missing the "to," which is required after "wants"
- D. to becoming — Mixing infinitive and gerund; "to" doesn't pair with -ing forms

A. to catch ✓

After the verb "hope," you need the infinitive form (to + base verb). "I hope to catch the bus" expresses your intention or desire.

Why the others are wrong:
- B. catching – This is a gerund (verb as noun). "Hope catching" doesn't work grammatically.
- C. catch – Missing "to"; the bare verb form doesn't follow "hope."
- D. to catching – This mixes infinitive and gerund forms; it's not a valid English structure.

Correct answer: A. to get

"Expect" is a verb that requires an infinitive (to + base verb), so "to get" is the correct form. The sentence structure is: expect + infinitive = "she expects to get a promotion."

Why the others are wrong:
- B. getting – This is a gerund (verb-ing form), not an infinitive. "Expect" doesn't use gerunds.
- C. get – Missing the "to," which is required after "expect."
- D. to getting – This mixes infinitive and gerund forms, which is incorrect grammar.

Correct answer: A. to call

"Forget" is followed by the infinitive form (to + verb) when you mean you didn't remember to do something. So "forgot to call" = he didn't remember to make the call.

Why the others are wrong:
- B. calling - "Forget + -ing" means you forgot about a past action (e.g., "I forgot calling you yesterday"), not forgetting to do something in the future
- C. call - Missing the "to"; bare verbs don't work after "forget"
- D. to calling - Not a valid grammar form in English; you can't combine "to" with "-ing"

A. to solve ✓
After "tried," we use the infinitive form (to + verb). "Tried to solve" is the correct structure in English.

Why the others are wrong:
- B. solving – This is a gerund (verb + -ing). While some verbs like "enjoy" or "avoid" take gerunds, "try" requires an infinitive.
- C. solve – Missing the "to," which is required after "tried."
- D. to solving – This combines both forms incorrectly; you can't use "to" with the -ing form.

A. to live ✓
After "wants," we use the infinitive form (to + verb). "She wants to live in a big city" is correct.

B. living ✗
The gerund (-ing form) doesn't work here. "Wants living" is grammatically incorrect.

C. live ✗
Missing the "to." We need the infinitive form, not the base verb alone.

D. to living ✗
This mixes infinitive and gerund—you can't use both together. It's not a real grammar pattern.

A. to sell ✓

After "needs," you must use the infinitive form (to + verb), not the base verb alone. The phrase is "need to + verb": *He needs to sell his car.*

Why the others are wrong:
- B. selling – This is a gerund (verb as noun), which doesn't work after "need" in this structure
- C. sell – Missing the "to"; we need the infinitive form, not the bare verb
- D. to selling – This mixes the infinitive marker "to" with a gerund, which isn't a valid grammar pattern

A. to bring ✓ CORRECT
After "forget," use the infinitive form (to + verb). "I forgot to bring my water bottle" means you intended to bring it but didn't.

B. bringing ✗
This is a gerund (verb + -ing). While "forget" can take a gerund, it changes the meaning: "I forgot bringing it" would mean you don't remember the act of bringing it—which doesn't fit this situation.

C. bring ✗
A bare verb without "to" doesn't work after "forget." You need the infinitive form.

D. to bringing ✗
This combines an infinitive and gerund, which is grammatically incorrect—you can't use both forms together.

A. want ✓ Correct
"Want" expresses a desire or intention to do something in the future ("tonight"), which fits perfectly with this sentence structure.

B. like ✗
"Like" describes general preference, not a specific plan for tonight. You'd say "I like eating pizza" (habitual), not "I like to eat pizza tonight" (specific future action).

C. understand ✗
"Understand" means to comprehend information—it makes no sense with eating pizza.

D. expect ✗
"Expect" means you think something will happen to you, not that you plan to do it yourself. You'd say "I expect *to receive* pizza," not "I expect to eat it" as your own action.

A. enjoys ✓
"Enjoys" is correct because it's the only verb that takes a gerund (-ing form) as its object. "She enjoys dancing" means she likes doing this activity.

Why the others are wrong:
- B. promise — Wrong verb form (should be "promises"). Also, "promise" doesn't naturally pair with gerunds: we say "promise to dance," not "promise dancing."
- C. belong — Doesn't fit the meaning. "Belong" means to be a member of something, and it doesn't take gerunds.
- D. try — Wrong verb form (should be "tries"). While "try" can take a gerund ("try dancing"), it doesn't fit the sentence's meaning as well as "enjoys."

Why A is correct:
"Plan" means to arrange or prepare for something in the future. "We plan to visit Paris next year" correctly describes a deliberate arrangement or intention.

Why the others are wrong:
- B (want): While "want" expresses desire, it's less formal and doesn't convey the same sense of deliberate preparation. "We want to visit" sounds more like a wish than a concrete arrangement.
- C (learn): "Learn" means to gain knowledge or skills. "We learn to visit" doesn't make sense—you don't learn to visit a place.
- D (mean): "Mean" suggests intention but is awkward in this context. "We mean to visit" is grammatically possible but outdated and uncommon compared to "plan."

A. asked ✓ Correct
"Asked" is the right verb here because it means he made a request for you to do something. The sentence structure "asked me to [do something]" is the standard way to express this.

B. supposed ✗ Wrong
"Supposed" doesn't work in this context. You can say "I'm supposed to meet him," but you can't say someone "supposed me to" do something.

C. offered ✗ Wrong
"Offered" means he gave you a choice or presented an option (like "offered me a job"). It doesn't fit the meaning of requesting a meeting time.

D. refused ✗ Wrong
"Refused" means he rejected or declined something—the opposite of what the sentence implies. It doesn't make sense to refuse someone to meet.

Correct answer: A. forgot to go

This is the only option that makes grammatical sense with "They ________" and describes a completed action in the past (matching "last night"). The verb phrase "forgot to go" is a proper past-tense construction.

Why the others are wrong:
- B. offering — Not a complete verb phrase; doesn't fit the sentence structure or make sense.
- C. seem like — Wrong tense/structure; "seem like" is present tense and doesn't work with "last night."
- D. try to go — This is present tense, but the sentence requires past tense to match "last night."

Why A is correct:
"Hope" works here because it means you want something to happen in the future, even though you're uncertain about it. The structure "I hope to study" is the correct grammar for expressing a future desire/wish.

Why the others are wrong:
- B (expect): While "expect" can work grammatically, it suggests you're confident it *will* happen—less about wanting it and more about predicting it.
- C (prefer): "Prefer" means you like one thing more than another. You'd say "I prefer medicine to law," not "I prefer to study medicine."
- D (deciding): This is a verb form that doesn't fit the structure. You'd need "I am deciding" (present continuous) or "I have decided," not just "deciding."

A. wants ✓
After "she" (a singular subject), you need a present-tense verb in third-person form. "Wants" is the correct form—it matches the subject and tense needed here.

B. trying ✗
This is a gerund/participle, not a conjugated verb. You can't say "she trying" without a helping verb like "is."

C. love ✗
This is the base form, used only with "I," "you," "we," or "they." With "she," you need "loves" (third-person singular).

D. belong ✗
Same problem as C—it's the base form, which doesn't work with "she." Also, "belong" doesn't fit the meaning (you don't "belong to swim").

A. offered ✓
"Offered" is correct because it's the past tense verb that fits the sentence structure and meaning. It means he volunteered or suggested giving you a ride—exactly what happens in this scenario.

B. learn ✗
"Learn" doesn't fit grammatically or logically. You don't "learn to give someone a ride"—learning is about gaining knowledge, not about transportation.

C. mean ✗
"Mean" doesn't work here. "He mean to give me a ride" is grammatically incorrect (should be "meant"), and the meaning is unclear—"meant" suggests intention, not action.

D. promise ✗
While "promised" could technically work, it's less natural than "offered." A promise is more formal and binding; "offered" better captures the casual act of suggesting help.

A. need ✓
This is the only verb that makes logical sense. "Need" expresses a requirement or necessity—you must finish the project by tomorrow.

Why the others are wrong:
- B. know – means to have information; you can't "know to finish" something
- C. understand – means to comprehend; doesn't express obligation or intention to complete a task
- D. suppose – means to assume or think; it's too weak and uncertain for stating what must be done

A. refused ✓
"Refused" means they actively declined or rejected telling us the truth. The sentence structure needs a verb that shows they *didn't* do something, and "refused" perfectly conveys rejection.

B. expect ✗
"Expect" means they think something will happen—it doesn't fit the meaning. You'd say "they expect us to tell the truth," not the other way around.

C. like ✗
"Like" means they enjoy something, which doesn't match the serious tone. The sentence would mean they enjoyed not telling us the truth, which is odd.

D. seem ✗
"Seem" means they appear a certain way. "They seem to tell us the truth" suggests they appear truthful, which is the opposite of what the sentence implies.