Present Tenses

Correct answer: A. do you come

• This is present tense ("Where do you come from?" = Where are you from originally?). The auxiliary verb "do" pairs with the plural subject "you."

Why the others are wrong:

• B (did you come): Past tense—only correct if asking about a specific trip in the past ("Where did you come from today?"), not the general question.
• C (does you come): Wrong verb form. "Does" is for third-person singular (he/she/it), but "you" is plural/second-person, so it needs "do."
• D (are you come): Incorrect structure. "Come" doesn't pair with "are"; you'd say "are you coming" (present progressive) instead.

Correct answer: A. do you work

This is the right question word order for present tense. In English questions, the auxiliary verb (do/does) comes before the subject (you), so it's "do you work" not "you do work."

Why the others are wrong:

• B (did you work) — Uses past tense, but the question asks about a regular habit on Tuesdays (present tense).
• C (does you work) — "Does" is only used with third person singular (he/she/it), not with "you." With "you," use "do."
• D (are you work) — "Are" doesn't pair with the base verb "work." You'd need "are you working" (present continuous), but that changes the meaning.

Why A is correct:
"Come" (present simple) is the right choice because it describes your permanent origin or nationality—a fixed fact about where you're from. This is the standard way to express where someone originates.

Why the others are wrong:
- B (am coming): Present continuous means you're traveling to Greece right now—not that you're from there
- C (came): Past tense suggests you came at a specific moment in the past, not your permanent origin
- D (are coming): Same problem as B—describes current travel, not where you're originally from

A. work ✓

• This sentence needs a simple present tense verb (something you do regularly on Tuesdays)
• "Work" is the correct form for the subject "I" — it matches the subject pronoun

Why the others are wrong:
- B. working — This is a gerund/participle, not a complete verb form for this sentence structure
- C. worked — This is past tense, but the sentence describes a current habit, not something that already happened
- D. works — This is third person singular (for "he/she/it"), but "I" is first person and uses the base form "work"

A. goes ✓

• The sentence needs a simple present tense verb to match "every weekend" (a regular, repeated habit).
• "Goes" is the correct third-person singular form for "she" in present tense.

Why the others are wrong:
- B. going – This is a gerund/participle, not a conjugated verb; it needs a helper verb like "is"
- C. went – Past tense doesn't fit; the sentence describes a current habit, not something that already happened
- D. go – This is first/second person or plural form; "she" requires "goes," not "go"

Why A is correct:
"Go" is the base verb form needed here. The sentence describes a regular habit ("twice a week"), so you need the simple present tense.

Why the others are wrong:
- B (going): This is the -ing form, which can't stand alone as the main verb in a sentence like this.
- C (went): This is past tense, but the sentence is about what you do regularly now, not something that already happened.
- D (are going): This is present continuous (something happening right now), not a regular routine. "We are going" suggests you're heading to the gym at this very moment.

A. isn't ✓

• "She" is singular, so we need a singular verb form. "Isn't" (is not) matches the singular subject.
• We use "is/isn't" for present continuous actions (eating right now), not "does/doesn't."

Why the others are wrong:

• B. aren't — "Aren't" is plural; "she" is singular, so this doesn't match.
• C. doesn't — "Does/doesn't" is used for simple present habits, not for actions happening now. We'd say "She doesn't eat" (general), not "She doesn't eating."
• D. not — "Not" is not a verb; it's just a negation word and can't stand alone as the main verb.

A. are ✓

• The subject "you" is second person and always pairs with the verb form "are" in the present continuous tense ("are wearing").

Why the others are wrong:
- B. is — Used with third person singular (he, she, it), not "you"
- C. am — Used only with "I," not "you"
- D. be — This is the base verb form; it needs a helping verb like "are" to work here

A. are watching ✓

The word "Look!" signals something happening right now, so you need the present continuous tense (am/is/are + -ing). "They" is plural, so it takes "are" (not "is").

B. watch — Simple present tense describes habits or general facts, not actions happening at this moment.

C. is watching — "Is" is for singular subjects (he/she/it), but "they" is plural.

D. watches — Simple present with wrong verb form; also doesn't match the immediate action signaled by "Look!"

A. are going ✓

This uses the present continuous tense (am/is/are + -ing), which correctly describes an action happening now or planned for the near future. "We" is plural, so it takes "are."

B. go — This is simple present tense, used for habits or general facts, not current/planned actions.

C. is going — "Is" is for singular subjects (he/she/it), but "we" is plural and needs "are."

D. going — This is incomplete; you always need a helping verb (am/is/are) before the -ing form.

Correct answer: A (are)

• "They" is a plural pronoun, so it needs the plural form of the verb "to be"
• "Are" is the correct plural present tense form

Why the others are wrong:
- B (is) = singular form; only used with "he," "she," "it"
- C (be) = base form of the verb; can't be used alone in a question
- D (am) = first person singular; only used with "I"

A. am working ✓

• Uses the present continuous tense (am + -ing form), which shows an action happening right now or in progress
• Matches the subject "I" with the correct auxiliary verb "am"

B. work ✗
- Present simple tense describes habits or routines, not ongoing actions; doesn't fit "on a project" (which suggests current activity)

C. is working ✗
- Uses "is" (for he/she/it), but the subject is "I," which requires "am"

D. am ✗
- Incomplete; just "am" alone doesn't make a complete verb phrase and leaves the sentence unclear

Why A is correct:
"Company" is a singular noun, so it needs a singular verb. "Does" is the correct singular form of "do" for third person.

Why the others are wrong:
- B (do) – This is plural; used with "I/you/we/they," not "company"
- C (are) – This is plural and doesn't fit the question structure (we need "do/does," not "be")
- D (is) – While singular, "is" is the wrong verb entirely; the question requires a form of "do"

Why A is correct:
"Have" forms the present perfect tense ("have been"), which describes an experience at an unspecified time in the past. This is the natural way to say you've visited Paris.

Why the others are wrong:
- B (do): "Do" is for simple present tense and questions, not past experiences ("I do go" doesn't work here)
- C (did): "Did" is simple past and needs a main verb ("did go" works, but the sentence structure shows we need present perfect)
- D (has): "Has" is third person singular (he/she/it), but "I" is first person and needs "have"

A. has ✓
"Has" is correct because "she" is singular, and singular subjects use "has" with the present perfect tense. This describes something recently completed.

B. have ✗
"Have" is used with plural subjects (they, we, you) or "I," not with singular "she."

C. had ✗
"Had" is past perfect tense, used for something that happened before another past event—not needed here for a recent completion.

D. is ✗
"Is" doesn't work with "finished." You'd need "is finishing" (present continuous), which changes the meaning entirely.

A. has ✓
"He" is singular, so it needs the singular form of the auxiliary verb. "Has" is correct for present perfect tense (he has seen = he watched it at some point in the past).

B. have ✗
"Have" is used with plural subjects (they, we, you) or "I," not with singular "he."

C. had ✗
"Had" is past perfect (for events further back in time), but present perfect ("has seen") is what fits here.

D. is ✗
"Is" doesn't work with "seen"—you'd need "is seeing" (present continuous), which changes the meaning entirely.

# Since

Why A is correct:
"Since" marks a point in time (2010) and shows the time period from then until now. "We haven't seen each other since 2010" = last saw in 2010, and haven't since then.

Why the others are wrong:
- B (for): Used for duration/length of time ("for 5 years"), not a specific year
- C (from): Shows a starting point but needs an ending point ("from 2010 to now" sounds odd; we'd need "from 2010 until now")
- D (between): Requires two endpoints ("between 2010 and 2015"), but we only have one specific year

Why A is correct:
"Ever" is used in questions to ask about experiences at any time in someone's life. It's the natural choice for "Have you ever been...?"

Why the others are wrong:
- B (always): Means "at all times"—doesn't fit the question structure
- C (sometimes): Means "on some occasions"—too specific; we use it in statements, not this type of question
- D (never): Means "not at any time"—this contradicts the question; we'd say "You've never been..." as a statement instead

Correct answer: A. yet

"Yet" is used with negative sentences to mean "up to now" or "so far." It fits perfectly: "They haven't arrived yet" = they still haven't shown up.

Why the others are wrong:
- B. already – means something has happened sooner than expected; used with positive sentences ("They've already arrived"), not negatives
- C. since – indicates a starting point in time ("since Monday"), not used this way in negatives
- D. just – means "a moment ago"; "They just haven't arrived" sounds awkward and doesn't fit the meaning

Why A (just) is correct:
"Just" means "a moment ago" or "very recently," which fits perfectly here—you completed your work a short time ago.

Why the others are wrong:
- B (already) suggests the work was done at an earlier, expected time, but sounds less natural for "a moment ago"
- C (yet) is used in negative/question forms ("Haven't you finished yet?"), not positive statements
- D (never) means "not ever," which contradicts the idea that you finished

A. have never ✓

This is correct because you need the present perfect tense ("have" + past participle) with "never" to say something hasn't happened up to now. The sentence means "I have never seen that film before."

B. had never — This is past perfect, which describes something that happened before another past event. You'd use this if you were telling a story about the past, not stating a current fact.

C. have ever — "Ever" is used in questions ("Have you ever...?") or negatives ("I don't ever..."), not in affirmative statements like this one.

D. has ever — "Has" is third person (he/she/it), but "I" is first person, so it doesn't match grammatically.

A. yet ✓

"Yet" is correct because it's used with negative statements to mean "up to now." She hasn't messaged = no messages so far, but there's still a possibility she will.

Why the others don't work:

• B. already — means something happened sooner than expected. You'd say "She has already messaged me," not with "hasn't."
• C. ever — means "at any time in your life." While grammatically possible, it suggests she'll never message you (permanent), not just recently.
• D. never — creates a double negative ("hasn't...never") and is grammatically incorrect in standard English.

Why A is correct:
After "have just finished," you need a gerund (verb + -ing). "Finished" is a verb that takes a gerund object, so "finished eating" is the natural construction.

Why the others are wrong:
- B (ate): This is past tense, but you can't use a bare past-tense verb after "finished"—you need a gerund.
- C (to eat): The infinitive form doesn't work here; "finish" doesn't take an infinitive object.
- D (eaten): This is a past participle, which doesn't fit the grammar rule for what follows "finished."

Correct Answer: A. has been working

This sentence needs the present perfect continuous tense because it describes an action that started 10 years ago and continues to now. The phrase "for 10 years" is a key signal that we're measuring duration from past to present.

Why the others are wrong:

• B. works - Simple present tense, but it doesn't show the duration or that this started in the past
• C. worked - Simple past tense suggests the action is completely finished, but she's still working there
• D. is working - Present continuous, but it doesn't emphasize the long duration; it only shows what's happening right now

Correct answer: Have, been watching
- This uses present perfect continuous tense, which describes an action that started in the past and continues to now—perfect for "all day."
- "Have been watching" = you started watching earlier today and are still watching.

Why the others are wrong:
- B (Do, watched): "Do watched" is grammatically incorrect; past tense doesn't fit the ongoing action.
- C (Are, watching): Present continuous works for actions happening now, but "all day" suggests a longer duration started earlier, not just this moment.
- D (Has, been watching): "Has" is for third person (he/she/it), not "you"; you need "have."

Correct answer: have been saving
This describes an action that started in the past and continues to the present ("for months"), which is exactly what present perfect continuous expresses. It shows an ongoing process leading up to now.

Why the others are wrong:
- B. saved – Past simple suggests the saving is completely finished, not continuing to now
- C. are saving – Present continuous doesn't clearly connect to "for months"; it implies a temporary, immediate action
- D. save – Simple present doesn't work with "for months" and sounds habitual rather than describing one specific trip

Correct answer: A. has been playing

This uses the present perfect continuous tense, which shows an action that started in the past ("since he was a kid") and continues to the present. The phrase "since he was a kid" is the key clue—it tells us the activity began long ago and is still ongoing.

Why the others are wrong:

• B. played — Simple past tense means the action is completely finished, but we know he still plays now.
• C. is playing — Present continuous suggests he's playing *right now at this moment*, not a lifelong habit.
• D. plays — Simple present works for habits, but it doesn't connect to "since he was a kid" (which needs a perfect tense to show the duration).

Correct Answer: Have, been working

This uses the present perfect continuous tense, which describes an action that started in the past and continues up to now—perfect for "all morning." The structure is "have + been + verb-ing."

Why the others are wrong:
- Did, work (simple past): Suggests the action is completely finished, not ongoing into the present.
- Are, working (present continuous): Describes what's happening right now, but doesn't show the duration "all morning."
- Has, worked (present perfect): Uses "has" (singular), but the subject "you" needs "have" (plural). Also, it doesn't capture the continuous nature of the activity.

Why A is correct:
"Have been learning" shows an action that started in the past and continues to the present—perfect for saying you've studied French for a two-year period that includes now.

Why the others are wrong:
- B (learned): Simple past suggests you finished and stopped; doesn't show the ongoing nature
- C (was learning): Past continuous describes a specific moment in the past, not a complete period up to now
- D (am learning): Present continuous doesn't indicate the full duration; it just shows what's happening right now

Correct answer: A. has been working

This uses the present perfect continuous tense, which shows an action that started in the past and continues to the present moment—exactly what "all day" suggests. She started working earlier today and is still working now.

Why the others are wrong:
- B. worked – Past simple suggests the action is completely finished, not ongoing into the present.
- C. has worked – Present perfect focuses on completion or a finished result, not the continuous nature of the activity throughout the day.
- D. is working – Present continuous only describes what's happening right now, not the entire duration of the day.

Correct Answer: A. have been listening

This uses present perfect continuous, which shows an action that started in the past and continues to be relevant now—"for hours" indicates they've been doing this over a time period that extends to the present moment.

Why the others are wrong:
- B. listened — Simple past suggests a completed action with no connection to now
- C. were listening — Past continuous describes an ongoing action at a specific past time, not one that extends to now
- D. are listening — Present continuous doesn't work with "for hours"; it suggests a temporary action happening right now, not an extended duration

A. have been studying ✓
This is correct because "since last year" shows an action that started in the past and continues to the present. Present perfect continuous ("have been studying") is the right tense for ongoing actions from past to now.

B. studied ✗
Simple past describes a finished action, but the action hasn't finished—you're still studying now.

C. had been studying ✗
Past perfect continuous describes an action that ended before another past event. There's no second past event here to make this work.

D. were studying ✗
Simple past continuous describes an ongoing action at one specific time in the past, not something continuing to now.

Correct answer: A. has been chopping

This uses the present perfect continuous tense, showing an action that started in the past and is still happening now—he began chopping and is still in the process. The sentence implies the chopping is ongoing or just finished.

Why the others are wrong:

• B. chopped — Simple past; suggests he already finished chopping and it's completely done, which doesn't fit the context of "for his dinner" (implying he's preparing it now)
• C. chops — Simple present; describes a general habit, not what's happening right now
• D. is chopping — Present continuous; describes what he's doing *right now*, but doesn't show the duration or that it started earlier; less complete than the perfect continuous

A. has been rewritten ✓

• This uses the present perfect passive voice, which shows an action that started in the past and is still relevant now—perfect for "many times" over a period.
• The singular subject "book" requires "has" (not "have").

B. rewrote ✗
- Active voice with past tense; suggests someone rewrote it once, not repeatedly, and doesn't fit the "many times" context.

C. is rewritten ✗
- Present simple passive; implies it's being rewritten right now as a current habit, not over time.

D. have been rewritten ✗
- Wrong auxiliary verb; "have" is for plural subjects, but "book" is singular.

Why A is correct:
"Is served" is present tense passive voice, which correctly describes a general or habitual action (the dinner gets served by the chef regularly).

Why others are wrong:
- B (was served): Past tense—only correct if this dinner was already served in the past
- C (served): Not a complete verb form; missing the auxiliary verb "is" or "was"
- D (has served): Active voice (the chef is doing the serving), not passive; also doesn't match the sentence structure with "by the chef"

A. is being vaccinated ✓

This is correct because it uses present continuous passive voice, which describes an action happening right now. The sentence structure "She ________ by the nurse" indicates the action is occurring at this moment.

B. has been vaccinated — This is present perfect passive, showing a completed action in the past with present relevance, not an ongoing action.

C. vaccinates — This is active voice (she does the vaccinating), but the sentence needs passive voice (she receives the vaccination). Also, it's simple present, not showing an ongoing action.

D. was being vaccinated — This is past continuous passive, describing an action that was happening in the past, not currently happening.

Correct answer: been

This sentence needs a past participle to form the present perfect passive voice ("has been rewritten"). "Been" is the past participle of "be," which pairs with the helping verb "has" (already in the sentence).

Why the others are wrong:
- is/are: These are present tense forms, not past participles—they can't follow "has"
- have: This is a helping verb, not a past participle; it doesn't work after "has"

Why A is correct:
"The contract" is a singular noun, so it needs the singular verb form "is." The sentence means the contract gets signed by the manager (passive voice).

Why the others are wrong:
- B (am): Used only with "I" as the subject, not "the contract"
- C (were): Used with plural subjects (like "contracts") or the conditional "I/he/she were"
- D (be): A base verb form that doesn't work here; you need the conjugated form "is"

Why A is correct:
The sentence needs present tense ("is being checked") to match the structure of continuous/progressive action happening now. "She" is singular, so it takes "is" not "are."

Why the others are wrong:
- B (was): Past tense—used only if the checking already happened
- C (are): Wrong subject-verb agreement; "are" goes with plural subjects like "they," not "she"
- D (be): Incomplete verb form; needs an auxiliary verb like "is" before it ("is being checked")

Why A is correct:
"Are you meeting" uses the present continuous tense, which is the most natural way to ask about an arranged or planned meeting in the near future. This suggests you already have plans set.

Why the others are wrong:
- B (do you meet): Simple present tense sounds like asking about a habit or general routine ("When do you usually meet?"), not a specific upcoming occasion.
- C (will you meet): While grammatically acceptable, "will" sounds more uncertain or spontaneous, as if you haven't decided yet.
- D (are you going to meet): Also correct grammatically, but slightly more wordy than A. Both A and D work, but A is the preferred, more concise choice.

Why A (does) is correct:
"Does" is the correct third-person singular present tense auxiliary verb. The subject "the movie" is singular, so it needs "does" (not "do").

Why the others are wrong:
- B (do): Used only with plural subjects or "I/you/we/they" — "the movie" is singular
- C (is): Wrong verb form; "is" doesn't work with "start" in this question structure
- D (has): Wrong auxiliary; "has" is for present perfect tense, not for asking when something starts

Correct answer: A. are you going

This question asks about a future vacation plan, and "are you going" is the present continuous form used to express a planned future action. It's the most natural way to ask about definite vacation plans.

Why the others are wrong:
- B. do you go — Simple present tense; this asks about habitual actions, not a specific upcoming vacation
- C. will you go — While grammatically correct for future, it sounds less natural and suggests uncertainty rather than a planned trip
- D. are you taking — Wrong verb; "taking" doesn't match the context (you'd "take" luggage, not go on vacation)

Correct answer: A. Are you coming

• "Are you coming" uses the present continuous tense, which is the natural way to ask about a planned future event in English.
• B (Do you come) uses simple present, which suggests a repeated habit rather than a specific future event.
• C (Will you come) is grammatically correct but sounds more formal and less natural in casual conversation about a specific upcoming event.
• D (Are you going) also works grammatically, but "coming" is more commonly used when inviting someone to an event you'll attend together.

Correct answer: A. are you staying

This uses the present continuous tense, which is the most natural way to ask about plans for an ongoing or future event that's already happening or about to happen (the meeting).

Why the others are wrong:
- B (do you stay) – Simple present is too general; it suggests a habitual action, not a specific future event.
- C (will you stay) – While grammatically correct, it sounds more formal and distant; less natural for an immediate situation.
- D (are you going to stay) – Also correct grammar, but wordier; "are you staying" is the preferred, more concise way to ask this question.

Why A is correct:
The phrase "Who are you ___ again?" needs a gerund (verb form ending in -ing) after the preposition "with" (implied). "Meeting" works: "Who are you meeting with again?" It's asking about a planned encounter.

Why the others are wrong:
- B (see): Grammatically incorrect here; you'd need "seeing" (gerund form) after a preposition
- C (go): Doesn't fit the meaning; "Who are you going again?" makes no sense
- D (eating): Wrong meaning; while "eating" is a gerund, it doesn't match the context of asking about a person you're going to encounter

Correct answer: A. leaving

The sentence structure "What time are they __________ the station?" requires a verb that pairs logically with "the station." "Leaving" makes sense because you leave a place/station. The phrase becomes: "What time are they leaving the station?"

Why others are wrong:
- B. studying – You study *at* or *in* a place, not *the* station directly
- C. playing – You play *at* a location or with something, not typically *the* station
- D. watching – You watch *something*, not a station as a destination

Only "leaving" works naturally with "the station" as the object.

Correct answer: A (going)
- "Where are we __________?" needs a word that shows movement or direction to make sense. "Going" is the only option that logically completes this question—you ask "where are we going?" to find out a destination.

Why the others don't work:
- B (cooking): "Where are we cooking?" asks about a location, but it's awkward—you'd normally say "where are we" if asking about current location, or "where should we cook?"
- C (reading): Same issue—"where are we reading?" doesn't naturally ask about location the way "going" does.
- D (sleeping): Same problem—this doesn't fit the natural phrasing of asking about destination or current location.

A. visiting ✓

• The sentence needs a present participle (verb form ending in -ing) to show what your brother is doing right now.
• "Who is your brother visiting today?" makes sense—it asks whom he's visiting.
• B, C, D don't fit the context. "Working," "shopping," and "singing" don't answer the question of *who* he's visiting—they describe activities but don't work with "visiting" as the main action in this sentence structure.

A. celebrating ✓
"Celebrating" is the correct phrasal verb/gerund form that pairs with "How are you...your birthday?" It means marking or observing a special occasion.

Why the others don't work:
- B. running – Doesn't make sense; you don't "run your birthday"
- C. writing – Unrelated; you don't typically write a birthday
- D. listening – Wrong action; listening doesn't describe what you do *to* a birthday

A. leaves ✓

• Use the simple present tense for scheduled events (like train departures), even when talking about the future. "The train leaves at 9:00 a.m. tomorrow" is the standard way to express this.

B. leave ✗
- Incorrect verb form for third-person singular. With "the train" (he/she/it), you need the -s ending: "leaves," not "leave."

C. leaved ✗
- Not a real word. The past tense of "leave" is "left," not "leaved."

D. leaving ✗
- A gerund/present participle, but it doesn't work here. You'd need a helping verb before it: "is leaving" (present continuous), not just "leaving."

Correct answer: A. is cooking

• This uses the present continuous tense (is + -ing), which describes an action happening right now or very soon. "Tonight" confirms it's a future plan or current activity.

Why the others are wrong:
- B. cook – This is the base form; it needs a helping verb and doesn't show the continuous action.
- C. cooked – This is past tense, but "tonight" clearly indicates future time.
- D. cooking – This is just the -ing form alone; it needs the helping verb "is" to be grammatically complete.

Correct Answer: A. have

• We need a future tense verb here ("next week" tells us this is upcoming), so "have" is correct.
• B. "haveing" is misspelled; the correct spelling of the present participle is "having."
• C. "having" is a participle form, not a complete verb—you'd need a helping verb like "are" (e.g., "are having").
• D. "had" is past tense, but the sentence refers to a future event, not something that already happened.

Correct Answer: A. are having

This describes a planned event in the future, so we need the future continuous tense ("will be having") or present continuous used for future plans ("are having"). "Are having" works here as a present tense describing a near-future arrangement.

Why the others are wrong:

• B. having – Incomplete; missing the auxiliary verb "are" needed to form a complete verb phrase
• C. had – This is past tense, but the sentence indicates a future event ("on Saturday")
• D. has – Wrong subject-verb agreement; "they" requires "are," not "has" (which goes with "he/she/it")

A. starts ✓

• The sentence describes a scheduled event happening in the future ("tonight"), which requires the simple present tense with a third-person singular subject ("The movie").
• "Starts" is the correct form: singular subject + present tense verb.

B. start ✗
- Used for plural subjects (they, we, you) or first person (I), not "the movie" (singular).

C. started ✗
- Past tense; the movie hasn't happened yet.

D. starting ✗
- This is a gerund/participle, not a complete verb form needed for this sentence.

Why A is correct:
"The meeting starts" uses the simple present tense, which is the natural way to describe a scheduled future event in English. It's definite and planned.

Why the others are wrong:
- B (is started) – Passive voice; awkward and unnatural for this context. We don't say "is started" for scheduled events.
- C (started) – Past tense; wrong because the meeting hasn't happened yet—it's tomorrow.
- D (starting) – A gerund/participle; incomplete as a sentence. It's missing the main verb and sounds like an incomplete thought.

A. leaves ✓

The sentence needs a present tense verb to match "in 15 minutes" (a future time). "Leaves" is the correct present tense form for the third-person singular subject "train."

Why the others are wrong:
- B. leave – Wrong verb form; "leave" is used with plural subjects (they, we, you), not singular (the train)
- C. left – Past tense; the train hasn't departed yet, it will in the future
- D. leaving – This is a gerund/participle, not a conjugated verb; the sentence needs a main verb to be grammatically complete

A. starts ✓
This is correct because the sentence describes a regular, habitual event (concerts typically start at set times). Present simple tense is used for facts and scheduled events that happen repeatedly.

B. is started ✗
Passive voice is unnecessary here. We're talking about what the concert does, not what someone does to the concert.

C. started ✗
Past tense doesn't fit—the sentence describes when concerts happen in general, not a specific past event.

D. starting ✗
A gerund/participle doesn't work as the main verb in this sentence; you need a complete verb form.

A. begins ✓

This is correct because you need a present-tense verb for a future event that's scheduled or planned. "Tonight" is in the future, so present tense works here (like a timetable).

B. is begun — This passive voice form is grammatically awkward and unnecessary; we don't say movies are "begun."

C. began — Past tense is wrong; the movie hasn't started yet—it starts later tonight.

D. beginning — This is a noun/gerund, not a verb; you need an actual verb form to complete the sentence.

Why A is correct:
The sentence describes a scheduled, habitual action ("at 6 o'clock" suggests a regular time). Present simple tense is used for routines and fixed arrangements, so "have" is right.

Why the others are wrong:
- B (is having): Present continuous describes an action happening *right now*, not a scheduled routine
- C (had): Past tense doesn't fit—you're talking about what you do, not what you did
- D (having): This is a verb form fragment; it needs an auxiliary verb like "am" to work grammatically

A. has been ✓

This uses the present perfect continuous tense, which shows an action that started in the past and is still happening now. "Waiting for hours" describes a continuous action over time, so "has been waiting" is correct.

Why the others are wrong:

• B. is – "is waiting" describes something happening right now, but doesn't show the duration ("for hours")
• C. has – This is incomplete; "has waiting" isn't grammatically correct
• D. will be – This is future tense, but she's already waiting, not planning to wait

A. goes ✓

This is correct because "goes" is the simple present tense, which describes a regular, habitual action. The sentence tells us about something he does repeatedly every morning.

Why the others are wrong:

• B. went — Past tense; suggests he swam in the past but doesn't anymore. The phrase "every morning" indicates an ongoing habit, not something that already ended.

• C. has gone — Present perfect; implies he has completed swimming trips, but sounds awkward here. It doesn't naturally describe a daily routine.

• D. will go — Future tense; this would mean he plans to swim in the future, but the sentence describes what he actually does now, not what he will do.

A. have read ✓

This uses the present perfect tense ("have" + past participle), which correctly describes something completed in the past that connects to the present. The phrase "already" signals a completed action, and present perfect is the right choice here.

B. readed ✗
"Readed" isn't a real word—the past tense of "read" is "read" (pronounced differently), not "readed."

C. had read ✗
This is past perfect, which shows one past action happened *before* another past action. There's no earlier past event mentioned, so it's unnecessary here.

D. will read ✗
This is future tense, but "already" clearly indicates the book was finished, not something happening later.

Correct answer: A. am going
This uses the present continuous tense, which describes what you're doing right now or in the immediate future—perfect for talking about attending a party.

Why the others are wrong:
- B (was going): Past continuous suggests you were planning to go but may not anymore—unclear and doesn't fit a straightforward statement
- C (had gone): Past perfect means you already went—this is in the past, not present/future
- D (will be going): Future continuous suggests a specific time in the future ("I will be going at 8pm"), but the sentence doesn't indicate when, so present continuous is more natural

A. is talking ✓

This describes an action happening right now ("at this very moment"). The present continuous tense (is + -ing) is the only way to show an action in progress.

B. talked — Past tense; the call already finished, but we need present tense.

C. has talked — Present perfect; suggests the call is completed or finished, not ongoing right now.

D. will talk — Future tense; he hasn't started the call yet, but he will later.

Correct answer: been waiting

This sentence needs the present perfect continuous tense because the waiting started in the past ("last week") and continues into the present. "Been waiting" shows an action that began in the past and is still happening now.

Why the others are wrong:
- B. waited – Simple past tense suggests the waiting is completely finished, but the sentence implies she's still waiting
- C. waits – Present simple doesn't connect to the past time marker "since last week"
- D. waiting – Incomplete; needs the auxiliary verb "has been" to form the proper tense

A. has bought ✓
This is correct because "has bought" (present perfect) shows a past action with present relevance—he completed the purchase, and now he owns the car. The context "he told me" signals we're talking about something recent that affects the present.

B. buy ✗
Wrong tense and form. "Buy" is the base verb; it doesn't fit grammatically after "he."

C. bought ✗
Simple past works grammatically, but it only reports what happened without connecting it to the present moment. "Has bought" is more natural here because the car is still his now.

D. buys ✗
This is simple present, suggesting a habit ("he regularly buys cars"), which doesn't match the context of him telling you about one specific new car.

# Explanation

Correct answer: A. has been planned
- This is passive voice (the visit is being planned *by* someone), so we need a past participle ("been planned").
- "Has been" is the present perfect passive form, which works here because the planning happened in the past but we're talking about its current result.

Why the others are wrong:
- B. had planned – This is active voice and wrong tense; it should be passive since the family is doing the action *to* the visit.
- C. is planning – This is present progressive and doesn't match "three weeks ago" (a past time marker).
- D. plan – This is simple present and ignores the past time reference; also not passive.

Correct answer: There is

• "There is" is correct because "a dog" is singular (one dog), and "is" is the singular form of "to be."

Why the others are wrong:

• There has – "has" is used with present perfect tense (e.g., "has eaten"), not for describing existence or location.

• There have – Same issue as "has," plus "have" is plural, but we need singular for one dog.

• There are – "are" is the plural form, used for multiple things (e.g., "There are dogs"), but we only have one dog here.

Correct answer: There are

• "Books" is plural, so you need a plural verb form. "Are" is the plural present tense of "to be."

Why the others are wrong:

• B (There has): "Has" is singular and used with "have" as an auxiliary, not with "there."
• C (There have): "Have" doesn't work with "there"—you'd use it with plural subjects like "they have," not "there have."
• D (There is): "Is" is singular, but "books" is plural, so they don't match.

Correct Answer: There is
- "There is" is singular and matches "a park" (one park). The sentence needs a singular verb form.

Why the others are wrong:
- There has – "has" is not used with "there"; we use "is/are" for existence
- There have – same problem; "have" doesn't work with "there" for describing what exists
- There are – this is plural, but we only have one park, so we need the singular "is"

Why "There are" is correct:
"Two apples" is plural, so it needs the plural verb "are." This matches the subject in number.

Why the others are wrong:
- "There is" – Uses singular verb for a plural subject; incorrect agreement
- "There has" – "Has" is singular and doesn't work with the "there" structure for counting objects
- "There have" – "Have" doesn't fit the "there" construction; we don't say "there have"

Correct Answer: There are
- "People" is plural, so it needs the plural verb "are"
- This sentence is in present tense, describing a current state

Why the others are wrong:
- There is – uses singular verb for a plural noun; grammatically incorrect
- There have – incomplete verb form; needs an object like "have been"
- There were – correct verb form but wrong tense; describes the past, not present